The ban failed because it was always going to fail—not because the law was weak. Because platforms can make verification costlier to enforce than the penalty for ignoring it.
A kid with a birthday set to 2005 instead of 2010 passes every age gate ever built. Facebook knows this, Instagram knows this, YouTube knows this, because they've known it since before the ban existed.
What Australia is actually doing now is passing a stronger law and hoping the engineering problem solves itself. It won't.
The platforms make gestures that look like compliance, so everyone gets credit and nobody has to solve the actual problem. You cannot verify age at scale without either biometric data (invasive, legally fraught, globally inconsistent) or government ID integration (expensive, infrastructure-dependent, non-existent in most countries). The previous ban didn't fail because the law had loopholes but because the enforcement mechanism—age verification—is technically unsolved.
Strengthen the law, add penalties, require real-name registration—none of that closes the gap between what a regulation demands and what can actually be verified at the point of sign-up. The real tension nobody is naming is that platforms benefit from the current state more than from a solution. Strengthening the law makes the appearance of compliance easier to maintain without delivering actual age verification.
Find one social media platform's official age verification method and try to circumvent it in under two minutes. You'll understand why legislation can't solve this alone.